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- Trees as
savings and
security for
the rural poor: World
Development,
Vol. 17, No.
3. (March
1989), pp.
329-342.Profes
sionals have
rarely seen
trees as
savings banks
for poor
people. But
while trees
and their
products have
become more
valuable and
easier to
market, many
poor people
have become
more
vulnerable as
contingencies
cost more and
traditional
supports
weaken.
Consequently,
trees have
increasing
importance and
potential as
savings and
security for
the poor, and
for use to
meet
contingencies.
For savings
and security,
trees compare
quite well
with jewelry,
large stock,
small stock,
land, and bank
deposits.
Disadvantages
of trees can
include
insecure or
unclear
rights,
restrictions
on cutting and
selling when
needed, and
problems with
marketing; but
common
advantages
include cheap
and easy
establishment,
rapid
appreciation
in value,
divisibility
to meet needs
closely, and
regeneration
after cutting.
More empirical
studies are
needed on the
use and
potential of
trees as poor
people's
savings banks.
The policy
implications
of present
evidence and
analysis
include tree
reform,
improved
marketing and
prices, and
above all
investing poor
people with
secure and
full ownership
of trees, with
rights to
harvest, cut
and sell
similar to the
withdrawal
rights of
depositors in
savings banks.
Source: World Development, Vol. 17, No. 3. (March 1989), pp. 329-342. - The State of
the Forest:
Indonesia: (01 February
2002)
Source: (01 February 2002) - Atlas of
Russia's
Intact
Landscapes: (01 April
2002)Nearly a
quarter of the
world?s
current forest
area is in
Russia. Russia
has retained
about two
thirds of its
estimated
original
forest area.
Given its
magnitude,
Russia?s
forests play
an important
role in the
world?s
climate. A new
study by GFW
Russia shows
that only
about a
quarter of the
forest zone of
Russia is
still in large
blocks of
road-less
wilderness ?
so called
intact forest
landscapes
(also known as
frontier
forests). This
is less than
the previous
estimate of
more than two
fifths. The
new estimate
is presented
in an Atlas of
Russia?s
Intact Forest
Landscapes and
derives from a
two year study
in which GFW
Russia used
satellite
images and
ground
observations
to fine comb
the forest
zone of Russia
for signs of
disturbances
by modern land
use.
Source: (01 April 2002) - Land cover
change in two
protected
areas of
Guinea-Bissau
(1956-1998): Applied
Geography,
Vol. 22, No.
2. (April
2002), pp.
139-156.The
objective of
this work was
to quantify
and spatially
characterize
land cover
change in the
regions of the
Cacheu and
Orango
protected
areas
(Guinea-Bissau
). Land cover
maps from 1956
and 1998 were
co-registered
and rasterized
to the same
spatial
resolution in
a geographic
information
system (GIS)
and the land
cover classes
of both maps
aggregated to
a new common
legend.
Classification
of Landsat
Thematic
Mapper images
and field
checking were
used to
generate the
1998 map.
Comparisons
between the
two dates
indicate that
major changes
have occurred
in the Cacheu
area, both in
the extent and
the spatial
distribution
of some
vegetation
classes, with
decreases in
areas of
mangrove, dry
forest and
palm grove,
and large
increases in
mudflats and
savanna. In
Orango,
changes are
less
extensive, but
the onset of
some of the
trends
verified in
Cacheu can be
identified.
The results
are
interpreted,
taking into
account land
use practices
in the two
study regions,
and will
hopefully
become a
management and
conservation
tool for the
local park
authorities.
Source: Applied Geography, Vol. 22, No. 2. (April 2002), pp. 139-156. - Land-Cover-Cha
nge
Trajectories
in Southern
Cameroon: Annals of the
Association of
American
Geographers,
Vol. 90, No.
3. (September
2000), pp.
467-494. The
objective of
this study is
to better
understand the
complexity of
deforestation
processes in
southern
Cameroon by
testing a
multivariate,
spatial model
of land-cover
change
trajectories
associated
with
deforestation.
The spatial
model
integrates a
spectrum of
independent
variables that
characterize
land rent on a
spatially
explicit
basis. The use
of a time
series of
high-spatial-r
esolution
remote sensing
images
(Landsat MSS
and SPOT XS),
spanning two
decades,
allows a
thorough
validation of
spatial
projections of
future
deforestation.
Remote sensing
observations
reveal a
continuous
trend of
forest
clearing and
forest
degradation in
southern
regions of
Cameroon, but
with a highly
fluctuating
rate. A
significant
proportion of
the areas
subject to a
land-cover
conversion
experienced
other changes
in the
following
years. The
study also
demonstrates
that modeling
land-cover
change
trajectories
over several
observation
years allows a
better
projection of
areas with a
high
probability of
change in
land-cover
than
projecting
such areas on
the basis of
observations
from the
previous time
period alone.
Statistical
results
suggest that,
in our
southern
Cameroon study
area, roads
mostly
increased the
accessibility
of the forest
for migrants
rather than
providing
incentives for
a
transformation
of local
subsistence
agriculture
into
market-oriente
d farming
systems. The
spatial model
developed in
this study
allows
simulations of
likely impacts
of human
actions,
leading to a
transformation
of the
landscape
(e.g., road
projects) on
key landscape
attributes
(e.g.,
biodiversity).
Currently,
several road
projects or
major logging
concessions
exist in
southern
Cameroon.
Source: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 90, No. 3. (September 2000), pp. 467-494.
If you would like to find additional social bookmark based links on the topic of Forests we recommend the Open Tag Directory > Forests. If you would like to find related tags we recommend Tag Patterns > Forests.
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